HD Update

FTA Receiver

Uses
Incorporate broadcast
In some countries, it is common for traditional broadcasters to disseminate channels as FTA satellite. In particular, the German-speaking countries, most of the major terrestrial broadcasters such as ARD Das Erste, ZDF and ORF offer emissions FTA satellite, as well as some of the most recent satellite rivals and Sat.1, 3sat and RTL. Communication satellites broadcasting these channels, at 19.2 east Astra, are admissible in most of Europe.
In the UK, all original five terrestrial broadcasters, BBC One, BBC Two, ITV1, Channel 4, and Five FTA digital satellite broadcast in any way, including many of its regional variations. However, in some countries, not the norm for major broadcast channels FTA satellite television.
Ethnic and religious programming
FTA receivers are sold in the United States and Canada order to see unencrypted free to air channels via satellite, most of which are located on Galaxy 19 (97W, Ku band). There is also a significant number of programs available between Christians and on the basis of several satellites in North America and Europe as The God Channel, JCTV, EWTN, and 3ABN.
Educational programming
The PBS program provides educational services via satellite in Ku band satellite DVB AMC 21 (125W). Since there is no MPEG audio standard on many of these channels, AC3-channels require only a Dolby Digital receiver capacity. They are otherwise free. Channels include PBS-HD/PBS-X, and various secondary programs normally carry the digital subchannels of PBS member stations on land.
The PBS New York's main link is absent from the free version-to-air satellite service PBS local stations to pay members the opportunity to deliver terrestrial material before it is available in PBS-X or PBS-HD. In general, PBS-X feeds programs implemented (Except news) one day after the main terrestrial network PBS.
U.S. terrestrial broadcasters
Many of these channels led to programming of the main subsidiaries of the television.
Equity Broadcasting uses a Ku band (Galaxy 18, 123W) and a band satellite signal C as a key part its cash equity centralcasting operation; many small local UHF stations were fed from a central point in Little Rock, Arkansas through free-to-air satellite. Most were members of the secondary terrestrial networks, including both U.S. English language and Spanish-language broadcasters, and content of satellite broadcasts digital subchannels often fed through the air from ground stations. The programming, Retro Television Network Retro or jamming had been provided on several occasions, the broadcasters More music and music videos tube 123W were previously available before being received (More music is now MTV3) or ceasing operations.
Similarly, Ku band unencrypted satellite television was also used temporarily in 2005 after Hurricane Katrina as a means to feed the NBC programming in New Orleans from the studios of a radio station outside the state, the figure feeds the content, the mark and identification of the damaged station station in New Orleans in a form suitable for direct feed to a transmitter (no further processing of study) target market.
Paradoxically, many local stations owned by Equity UHF satellite obtained national coverage despite the small solid LPTV ground tracks that barely covered their home communities face. In many cases, this brought smaller networks and broadcasting in Spanish to communities otherwise would not have free access to this content.
Since statistics of television stations market for these companies as Nielsen Media Research rely in the counting of hearing within the footprint of the signal for terrestrial television ratings seriously underestimated or not to estimate the number of households receiving Univisin programming and FTA satellite feeds. The liquidation of the equity group's station broadcasting in mid-2009 significantly reduced the number ground stations available in the U.S. Ku-band satellite free-to-air, while a very small handful of uplink earth stations are free (in mostly in Band C, which requires a larger antenna) is other independent sources.
Rural and hobby use
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In the air digital television signals do not go far outside the city in which they are transmitted. FTA Receivers can be used in rural areas as a source rather reliable television without subscribing to cable or satellite provider more.
Terrestrial broadcasters use some of the nearly 30 North American satellites to transmit their feeds for internal purposes. These non-encrypted channels can be received by anyone with the proper decoder. signals Satellite typically charge well beyond the coverage area of the ground station. DXers also use FTA receivers to see the many that are present wildfeeds in many of the satellites.
In theory, an observer in Glendive, Montana (the smallest North American TV market) could have received little local CBS and NBC programming is available via terrestrial, with a plate of Ku band free-air with other commercial networks (ABC and affiliates and individual Fox TV 123W) and educational programming (PBS satellite service to 125W). Unfortunately there is no guarantee that any individual should be broadcast FTA available or that those who remain continue to broadcast in a consistent format – in this example, as a spectator, ABC and Fox would have lost in the middle of bankruptcy due to Equity 2009.
Signal Piracy
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The widespread popularity of FTA receivers is due in part to use the same technology used by EchoStar's DISH Network TV and a. C. Bell. Often, hackers are able to reverse engineer the software and add the code necessary to allow the reception unauthorized recording of all channels offered by Dish Network, including recently released movies and pay-per-view. Manufacturers, importers and distributors of official FTA receivers do not condone this practice and will not sell to people who believe that their products will be used for this purpose. Using third party software usually voids any warranty. More manufacturers FTA is in court with Dish Network and / or federal authorities, see the legal news section listed below
Unlike traditional methods pirate decryption that involve altered smart cards used with satellite receivers manufactured and distributed by the supplier, the Piracy involving FTA receivers require only a firmware update from the receiver. Electronic countermeasures to disable access cards have no effect on receptors FTA because they are not capable of being updated remotely. The receiver firmware itself can not be overwritten with malicious code via satellite as a supplier topic receptors. The receivers also have the advantage of being able to receive programming from multiple vendors, the more legitimate DVB broadcasts free-to-air that are not part a package, a valuable ability is absent in most recipients package sold by DBS providers. DVB-S is an international standard and Therefore, the restriction imposed by the industry that Bell TV receiver is not interchangeable with a Dish Network receiver (same box) and are not interchangeable with a GlobeCast receiver World TV (including DVB) is an artificial one created by suppliers and not respected by either hackers or legitimate unencrypted FTA viewers.
Periodically, a supplier is going to change the processes in which information is sent encrypted. When this happens, non-coding will be issued an updated version of software FTA receiver altered dozens of internet forums. This generally occurs within hours or days after the countermeasure is applied, although some countermeasures have allowed that encryption to stay safe during the time that several months ago. Recipients, meanwhile, are still able to receive unencrypted broadcasts DVB-S and (for some models High Definition TV) ATSC terrestrial programming. The same is not true of the standard subscription television receivers in which to withdraw from a TV package payment causes loss of all channels. The current encryption used by Bell TV and Dish Network has shown no break since June 2009. This has mentioned ALL FTA receivers in the manufacturer section below useless for observation of any Bell ExpressVu or Dish Network channels. Anyone and everyone claiming to have a solution to this problem is to finish in a court of law, many are facing jail time and thousands of dollars in fines.
The use of renewable energy enables security vendors to submit new smart cards to all current subscribers who committed encryption schemes (like Nagravision 1 and 2) are replaced by new plans (now Nagravision 3). This exchange of "card" process can provide pay-TV operators with some control owner on the decryption of pirates, but at the expense of replacing smart cards in all existing receivers subscribed. While this approach is used by most suppliers, implementations tend to be slow due to cost.
While smart cards piracy often involves individuals who access cards re-program to others (usually for a fee), piracy involving FTA receivers using third party software that is relatively easy to load into the receiver and can even be charged via a USB device, network or serial connection (a process called flashing). The majority of this firmware is distributed free on the Internet. Websites that use third party coders to share this software often have between 50,000 to over 200,000 registered users.
Another method of pirate decryption which recently has become popular is called Internet Key Sharing (IKS). This is accomplished through an Ethernet cable connected to the receiver updates the key decryption unit is powered directly from the Internet. The coding system DVB-S common and different conditional access systems are based on the use of legitimate subscribed smart card, which generates a continuous flow of useful cryptographic keys to decrypt one channel at a receiver. An allocation scheme operates by redistributing of these keys in real time to multiple receivers in an unlimited number of places so that a valid smart card can serve large numbers of spectators.
In June , 2009 [Update] this was the only active pirate decryption system still in widespread use of satellite television in North America because of the closure of the compromised system Nagravision 2 providers like Dish Network and Bell TV.
However, this is limited by the range of current key or else called CW (Control Word). Usually, the interval for the renewal of the World Series is 10 seconds, but other systems (ie NDS3) have ranges CW 5 seconds or less. Each channel usually has a different set of CWS for decryption and so each frame is watching a specific channel on a regular basis CWS's request current server / smart card for that specific channel. So you could say that the distribution of the card can not be unlimited. There some restrictions to this as the frequency of changes in CW and network latency. If the CWs does not arrive on time, could have a freeze or crack in the image.
There are of course more expensive alternatives such as having multiple cards each management legitimately signed on some channels and server caching CW.
The dependence on an external server also, potentially, individual privacy commitments to viewers, and that the system is incompatible with models receiver of many who lack the ability to connect to an external network and / or lack the ability to set or modify keys or a number of identifiers used communication between the card and receiver.
Common features
The installation menu
Setup menu
This is the main control panel that allows the user to configure the receiver to interact with LNBs, switches, motors and other equipment. The user selects the LNB type, frequency oscillator local port on DiSEqC switch, and engine settings. If all values are correct for the proper equipment, showing a bar of signal strength and the quality will appear. At that time, the receiver can be used to scan the satellite to detect channels.
FTA receivers scan all transponders the satellite to detect channels.
Blind Search
There are 63 satellites in orbit over the Americas, 57 in Europe and 64 in Asia, a significant number of which will be acceptable from any location. Each of these has a different number of active transponders. Each transponder operates at a different frequency and symbol rate. Many FTA receivers are designed to detect any active transponders and channels on the transponders. Because they are designed to do this without having to be pre-programmed with information for each satellite transponder, this process is known as a "blind" exploration compared to a satellite, which scans the agreement with the preset transponder.
Channel Master, created by SharpC, is a popular channel editing software.
Channel edit / sort
Once you have completed the analysis, the frequency channels can be sorted by alphabetical order, satellite / transponder order, or scrambled / decryption order. In addition, third-party software often allows the option to sort by channel Station ID (SID) number. This is for the individual channels can be told in a way that mimics the poster of the Dish Network or Bell TV. The channels can also be renamed or deleted, either in a menu screen or external software.
The most popular software used to configure and manage channels is a database program called Channel Master, which allows the user the name, number, type, and delete channels and store them in a format that can then write to the receiver. The file created that contains information channel is called a channel list. Many of the older receiver and discontinued supported in Channel Master, though most of the newer, less are not popular.
User settings
Most FTA receivers give the user the option to set the language, the aspect ratio, TV type (NTSC / PAL), and time.
Typically, most FTA receivers can accept an MPEG2 video stream in any of PAL-compatible (540/704/720 x 576) or compatible NTSC (640 x 480) image formats and convert it to either display on a PAL or NTSC monitor. There is some loss of image data due to the lower resolution NTSC. Some receivers also compatible with SCART output, S-Video or component video.
Parental control
All FTA receivers contain a function parental lock.
DiSEqC switch and motor control
Unlike receivers advertised package for use with a limited number of satellites controlled by a individual provider of pay TV, a receiver is designed to be able to receive any signal free of all visible satellites available in one place determined. To take full advantage of this capability, the majority of Ku-band receivers FTA DiSEqC control a motor that can rotate a single dish to watch one of any number of multiple satellites.
An alternative method to bring a fixed dish (and LNB) to each satellite to receive (to feed the individual signals in a switch remote control) is compatible with both standard and more limited FTA receivers pay-TV "package recipient." The most common standard for use with FTA receivers is a DiSEqC switch which normally allows the automatic selection of the signal of four satellites. A simple two-position switch remotely operated by a tone of 22 kHz is also used occasionally for the reception of North America, but this configuration is not compatible with European-style universal LNB, using the internal tone band switching.
Toroidal antenna can be used with multiple LNB to receive multiple satellites at various locations on arch 40. Unlike the parable of a single standard dish (that is most appropriate to focus a target satellite to a single point), the toroidal antenna uses a pair reflector to focus the multiple signals to a line.
Individual pairs adjacent or near adjacent (as Glorystar of 97W and 101W) may be received, because of its proximity, with two LNB in what otherwise appears to be a standard geometric parabolic dish. Individual results of these LNB can then be fed through a switch to a receiver, giving access to all signals from both satellites.
Electronic Program Guide
A schedule of programming in screen can be accessed also contains descriptive information about a selected program. The availability and quality of information varies program guide widely among broadcasters (some of which offer nothing) and the ability of recipients to collect and store lists of guidance from multiple sources is also variable. Receivers with more memory (or storage on external devices such as hard drives) often but not always, better able to store and retrieve listed on the program screen. In some cases, a receiver with two tuners, satellite and terrestrial provide online guidance to support a mode of operation, but not both.
PVR functions
A few high-end receivers as the ability to record programs, pause and review live on television. Often, a record Hard not included when you purchased the receiver, which allows the user to install any hard drive you want. Many newer units are equipped with a USB port 2.0 that allows the user to connect a portable hard drive, at least one unit (Pansat 9200HD uses) and PVR external SATA storage media.
Some receivers, such as TripleDragon or Linux based Dreambox Dream Multimedia serial interfaces to provide local area network. This allows the use of network-attached storage to provide PVR-like functions (some of these models also include internal hard drives or USB) and allow the unit to be controlled or updated via the network.
The use of card desktop computer to deploy DVB-S or digital terrestrial TV tuners enables the computer's hard drive and network storage to be used electronic archive of information to guide programs and recorded TV. Most or all the basic PVR functionality is available by default at little or no added cost.
MPEG4 4:2:2
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Most FTA receivers support DVB-S standard, MPEG-2, 480i or 576i SDTV received as QPSK encrypt the Ku-band satellites.
Rarely supported by independent FTA receivers, but it is likely that with the support of FTA tuners DVB-S, for personal computers, are MPEG-4 and MPEG-2 4:2:2, variations in the MPEG compression algorithm, which provide more compression and higher resolution color respectively. As personal computers to handle much of the video decompression software, any codec can be easily replaced on the desktop.
High definition television is starting to be supported by a limited number of high end receivers, at least one independent high-end receiver (Stands Quali-TV 1080IR) both 4:2:2 and HDTV.
4:02:02 is a version of MPEG-two compression used on the NBC network channels such as Ku-band (103w). Some television stations 4:02:02 encoding used for the transmission of other types of sporting events unencrypted local ground stations, providing a slightly better color than standard compression 4:02:00.
In some cases, support for additional rules (such as DVB-S2 and 8PSK MPEG-4) will also necessary to receive a signal visible. The use of new means of modulation and compression are likely to be most prevalent for high-definition television channels in order to partially offset the greater amount of transponder space required to deliver high definition video to television stations.
Terrestrial DTV
In countries using the DVB-T and DVB-C standards for digital terrestrial TV and digital cable, a few high-end receivers offer an option to install tuners DVB terrestrial either alongside or in place of the tuner DVB-S, securities. Dream Multimedia DreamBox series, for example, supports this in selected models.
In countries using ATSC, including terrestrial tuners DVB-S FTA is rare, with one key exception. Some recipients of FTA terrestrial HDTV tuners include ATSC. These major.minor typically do not support single ATSC digital subchannel numbering scheme or program guide on screen, but are able to show (or timeshifting) local HDTV without loss of detail. Channels of these receptors are numbered using the conventions of NAFTA, which the first channel found more often arbitrarily given as channel 1 virtual channel number.
HDTV
A few receivers feature high-end HDTV. In North America, these often include a tuner ATSC digital television air-and MPEG-4 support. A few HDTV units allows the addition of a UHF remote control. However, an 8PSK module can be installed on site UHF Remote Control allows the receiver to decode the format used in most programming from DISH Network high definition.
These units are superior to DVD recorders for time shifting high-definition programming, such as DVD drives below to convert HDTV signals to standard definition OTA to match the limitations of standard DVD. FTA HDTV receiver with ATSC USB storage and can record one channel of a transport stream terrestrial or satellite DTV completely without losses, while the on-screen guide for terrestrial reception is often limited and the display or storage of NTSC analog channels not is compatible.
Controversy
Availability of free programming
While significant amounts of programming are free, there is no security to viewers than any individual issue available free-to-air will remain so. Some inevitably pass incompatible signal formats (like MPEG 4:2:2, 8PSK, DVB-S2 and MPEG-4), the change of freedom of encryption, go to different satellite locations (often by bands in which the C-band receiving antennas required much larger) or off completely.
It is the responsibility of the vendors receiver to indicate voluntarily if they are using the lists of currently available programming TLC for marketing purposes, free channels that can often appear, move and disappear, often permanently, without notice. An example of America Equity Broadcasting of the North was once a major source of small local terrestrial television stations free satellite. Equity filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 9, 2008 and most of Equity ground stations were sold at auction in mid-2009. Like many of the places (like New York and WNGS WNYI) were sold to Daystar and now nothing they originate, the signals corresponding only free-to-air (Galaxy 18, 123W) are no more. Even when a signal still exists, incompatible signal formats, such as the NBC feeds (AMC 1 103w, now requires 8PSK, DVB-S2 HDTV support and to receive anything) you can delete a channel virtually all standards of FTA receivers.
Receiver obsolescence
Most receivers provide options for the expansion of hardware (such as receipt or add 8PSK DVB Common Interface cards TV subscription) and updating the firmware (either automatically or from sources nominally third). Very often, once the individual receiver model is discontinued, the support and capacity expansion is rapidly cleared from all sources. Migration channel current formats such as MPEG-4, HDTV or DVB-S2 (which many current receivers are not compatible) can also lead viewers to lose the current programming free as the team quickly becomes obsolete. set-top boxes Unlike digital terrestrial DVB-S, most standard definition not down convert HD programming and thus produce no usable video for these signals.
There have been incidents in the current receiver designs have been "cloned" or copied by competing manufacturers, a manufacturer will often reduce support for a receiver design widely copied. In some cases, the malware has been released, apparently in the same format as the existing third-party firmware in an attempt to interfere with the subsequent use of the design of a receptor is widely cloned.
Legal issues
FTA receivers are designed for use free-to-air, but can be adapted for other purposes. In some jurisdictions, this dual-use nature can cause problems. As Therefore, the fight against piracy involving FTA receivers has been difficult using legal means.
In July 2007, Echostar filed a lawsuit against Viewtech, an Oceanside, the California-based importer of the popular Viewsat brand, arguing that intentionally Viewtech enables third-party engineers to write software allowing unauthorized access to DISH Network programming. Among the reasons cited in the demand for support of this contention is the fact that, according to a legal report "Free-to-air channels do not offer the same kind of popular programming found in the subscription television packages (eg HBO, ESPN, etc.). In contrast, the channels "free-air" television typically include limited religious, ethnic, business, music, information and content advertising. "According to Echostar, this type of programming is not popular enough to justify the estimated 2 million FTA receivers that have sold in recent years. Echostar also alleges that the Viewsat dealers frequently advertise on websites used to share information on how to gain unauthorized access to programming.
Viewtech has since filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, saying the company does not play any active role in the theft of programming DISH Network. Viewtech says manufacturers and distributors can not be found liable for piracy by end users. The company also claims that Echostar can not sue for violating Viewtech copyright law because Echostar has no rights to the content it offers.
Legal Update
December 2009 Junk Viewtech their Kwak (Viewsat) is convicted of satellite receivers illegal manufacture of a court of justice and the search is 18 months in federal prison and an unspecified fine. The fine could be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars.
In August 2009 Coolsat (inc freetech) was convicted of manufacturing Illegal satellite boxes called TLC, which gave all his property both personal and corporate Dish Network and Star Technologies Nagra. They were also fined 100 Million Dollars.
Also in December 2009 most if not all units of indigenous knowledge systems are closed and also the court, ie sound view and nFusion, KBOX.
By 2009, as owners of businesses and home users have been taken to court to go to jail and strong economic sanctions. Under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Communications Act in the U.S.. In Canada, the Motion Pictures Association and cable and satellite companies have processed a large number of sellers and users of FTA equipment.
In January 2010, Robert Ward was fined U.S. $ 50 million. The fine is based on loaded fta pirated files on hundreds of Web sites satellite piracy, and is based on $ 1 well for him and charger for the individual estimates which state that is loaded. This trial shows that Internet addresses and Web sites are being monitored by dishnetwork and bell expressview agents and U.S. agents Federal and Canadian governments while.
Echostar has since filed similar suits against Panarex, a North Hollywood company, based in California that imports Pansat the brand and Freetech, a San Jose, California-based company that imports the brand Coolsat.
Lawsuits have also been issued against persons as well. Robert Ward (50 million U.S. dollars fine convicted) (supposedly known on web forums such as thedssguy TLC, Truth and TDG) is called in case number 8:08-cv- 00.590-JSM-TBM in Tampa, Florida. Ward's attorney has filed motions to dismiss two counts of the lawsuit, alleging wrongful conduct. A lawsuit has been filed against Andrew Bates (Known as Snaggs) in Canada. A claim against a person using the handle BlondeBitch is filed in the case # – 08-CL-007 372 by Bell TV and 08-CL-007 373 by Echostar.
David Fuss, (found guilty in a Canadian court to $ 60,000,000 Fine Canadian dollar) ftaworld.com holder, a popular online store with FTA Receiver Headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, was raided by Anton Piller order in April 2008. Fuss, is alleged to have provided financial support for a number of FTA receiver brands, including Ariza, Cooltec, and Pantec Homesat (many of which are imitations of the most popular Coolsat, Viewsat, Pansat and models). He is also accused of having supplied software third for those brands that allowed customers to receive programming from Dish Network and Bell TV without subscription fees.
July 7 2008, Viewtech filed a counterclaim, (withdrawn by Viewtech after owner pleads guilty) Case 3:07-cv-01273-W-AJB, against Echostar, now known as DISH Network, a protective suit against the trust, alleging wrongful conduct on the part of Echostar, citing numerous violations of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, Clayton Act, Cartwright Act and California Business and Professions Code and Trade libel. Viewtech also accused the Dish Network programming to the sale of ethnic otherwise, will be free with a receiver, unfair competition and violation of Unfair Trade Practices Act and California. Viewtech has demanded a jury trial, praying for relief, for restitution, legal sanctions and protective measures for these violations.
The practice of each satellite providers programming (such as Dish Network and Bell TV) required that their subscribers use specific types of receivers sold only through these companies, rather than standard DVB-S receivers with both FTA and support Nagravision has severely distorted the market to the detriment of the manufacturers of all recipients of competition. The interests of the FTA broadcasters (whose programming is not to charge the use of "radio" package scheduled for a television provider payment, so that they are unable to tune out of a package) and consumers (whose choices are artificially limited by these constraints) are also affected. In some cases, ethnic viewers may need two DVB set-top boxes for the TV set itself (one to receive the programming free of Galaxy 19 to 97W, one to receive pay-TV) – an unnecessary expense and burdensome to the contrary.
Echostar LLC, now known as Dish Network LLC has filed an extension of time to respond to the above allegations, and a jury trial is to be scheduled in the future. This was resolved in favor of Echostar LLC.
See also
free-to-air satellite TV
PBS Satellite Service earlier in AMC-3 (87W), now on AMC 21 (125W)
GlobeCast World TV and ethnic television Galaxy 19 (97W)
Glorystar and religious broadcasting AMC4 (101W)
Equity Broadcasting earlier in Galaxy 18 (123W), now gone
Home2US free-to-air and ethnic programming AMC4 subscription (101W)
Retro TV network AMC9 (83W)
White Springs TV on Galaxy 27 (127W)
Bell TV, Dish Network and pirate decryption issues associated with these systems
References
SatcoDX Satellite Chart ^
http://www.lyngsat.com/galaxy19.html ^ – the largest source of free Ethnic Satellite TV in North America
^ http://www.lyngsat.com/amc21.html carries a wide range of educational programs for PBS
^ Free TV's U.S. satellite TV Lyngsat directory, Christian Lyngemark
^ Lyngsat – AMC 15 / 18 to 105W requires 8PSK, band C, MPEG4, DVB-S2 reception for NBC
^ Equity Media Holdings Corporation Files Voluntary Petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, MSNBC, December 9, 2008
http://www.lyngsat.com/galaxy18.html ^ – the former home of Equity Broadcasting on DVB-S FTA, now largely vacant
Popular brands
Ariza
Buzz
Captain
CaptiveWorks
Conaxsat
Coolsat
Digiwave
Dreambox
ExtremeView
Fortec star
Humax
KBOX
Matrix
Neosat
Neusat
Nfusion
Pansat
Satopia
Skyview
Sonicview
Starview
Technomate
Traxis
Viewsat
Visionsat
Wingsatt
Peripheral equipment
Satellite TV
LNB
DiSEqC
Universal System Satellite Automatic Location
Links External
Free to air TV channels
Free-air radio stations
Channel Master official site
Channel Finder Astra
EV
Broadcast encryption and digital rights management
Conditional access
CableCARD conditional access system security Renewable
DVB
Common Interface CI + common encryption algorithm conditional access module DVB-CI DVB-CPCM Syndication
Smart cards and encryption
Conax Cryptoworks Irdeto BISS KeyFly Digicipher Nagravision NDS VideoGuard RAS PowerVu Viaccess Mediaguard SECA Wegener
DRM
Domain B-CAS Authorized Broadcast flag HDCP hardware restrictions
Safety data
Card sharing server card decryption pirate TLC
Analogue broadcasting coding
VideoCrypt EuroCrypt Videocipher
View Television is also free to view and pay
Categories: Satellite Television | Television technologyHidden categories stubs from October 2009 | All articles lacking sources | Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2009 | All articles containing potentially dated statements | Wikipedia articles needing style editing from February 2010 | All articles needing style editing About the Author

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